if / elif / else

score = 72
if score >= 70:
    print("First Class")
elif score >= 60:
    print("Second Class Upper")
else:
    print("Keep practicing")

Python uses indentation, not braces, to mark a block -- every line inside the if must be indented the same amount (4 spaces is the convention).

for loops

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

range(5) produces 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 -- 5 numbers starting at 0, stopping before 5.

while loops

count = 0
while count < 3:
    print(count)
    count = count + 1

break and continue

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break        # exits the loop entirely
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue     # skips to the next iteration
    print(i)

Why This Matters for Your Exams

Indentation is not a style choice in Python -- it's the syntax. Mixing tabs and spaces, or indenting inconsistently, causes an IndentationError that stops your program from running at all.

Try it yourself