if / then / else

var
  score: integer;
begin
  score := 72;
  if score >= 70 then
    writeln('First Class')
  else if score >= 60 then
    writeln('Second Class Upper')
  else
    writeln('Keep practicing');
end.

Pascal uses begin...end to group more than one statement inside a branch -- a single statement needs no begin/end at all, as above.

for loops

var
  i: integer;
begin
  for i := 0 to 4 do
    writeln(i);
end.

for i := 0 to 4 runs with i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 -- 5 iterations, both ends included (unlike Python's range, which stops before its upper bound).

while loops

var
  count: integer;
begin
  count := 0;
  while count < 3 do
  begin
    writeln(count);
    count := count + 1;
  end;
end.

break and continue

var
  i: integer;
begin
  for i := 0 to 9 do
  begin
    if i = 5 then
      break;        { exits the loop entirely }
    if i mod 2 = 0 then
      continue;     { skips to the next iteration }
    writeln(i);
  end;
end.

Why This Matters for Your Exams

Pascal's for loop always counts a fixed number of steps, inclusive of both ends -- there is no equivalent of silently stopping one short the way range() does. Off-by-one errors here usually mean confusing to (inclusive) with an exclusive upper bound.

Try it yourself